TNF and neoplasm: Co-culturing tumor antigen-sensitized DC with CIK helps generate DC-activated CIK (DC/CIK), which promotes the maturation of DC and proliferation of CIK and increases the levels of cytokines (IFN, TNF, and CSF), without any side-effects, as those associated with CIK or MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity in NK [26].