CRK and glioma: We also observed a reduction in pAkt levels (PI3K/Akt signaling) and decrease in the levels of pMEK 1/2, p-p38 (MAPK signaling) and pJNK pathways were also inhibited in the presence of FRK (Figure 6A) In glioma cells, FRK was reported to reduce cell migration and invasion via inhibiting JNK activation [12].