VSMCs were treated with 10 mM β-GP with or without 10 μM CML for 24 h, and we observed that the level of PDK4 protein was more significantly increased in the β-GP + CML group than in the β-GP and control groups, which indicated that PDK4 is involved in CML-induced VSMC calcification (Figure 4A). Here, PDK4 is linked to chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.