In postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone resorption is also increased by the production of monocyte-related cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, which induce RANKL expression in bone tissue and enhance RANKL-RANK-mediated osteoclastogenesis39. The gene discussed is TNFRSF11A; the disease is postmenopausal osteoporosis.