Because over-activated NF-κB signaling have been associated with malignant transformation of several human cancers including ESCC [7] and NKILA was reported to suppress activation of NF-κB in breast [18] and tongue cancer [19], we asked whether NKILA could inhibit NF-κB in ESCC. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.