We hypothesized that a BRAF and CDK 4/6 inhibitor combination therapy exhibits significant anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative effects in experimental human melanomas in mice and that the according alterations in tumor pathophysiology can be non-invasively monitored by 18F–FDG-PET/CT and DW-MRI in vivo validated by ex vivo immunohistochemistry. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is neoplasm.