Importantly, total IgE levels were significantly increased in BS and TB + BS COPD groups (492.87 ± 127.89 and 454.19 ± 140.69 UI/ml, respectively) as compared to TB COPD patients and control subjects (81.23 ± 50.34 and 60.57 ± 33.76 UI/ml, respectively) (p < 0.05, Fig. 1c). Here, IGHE is linked to tuberculosis.