Studies in mammals suggest that the D1R-expressing direct pathway and the D2R-expressing indirect pathway act in an opposing but coordinated manner in the basal ganglia to finely control the timing and synchronization of motor actions; imbalances between the two pathways may lead to movement and cognitive disorders (Cazorla et al., 2015; Gerfen and Surmeier, 2011). The gene discussed is DRD1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.