While IKK-α was only upregulated by CIS treatment (1.57-fold increase vs. OC; Fig. 6a, b), the phosphorylation of IkBα was significantly increased by P-MAPA, CIS, and the combination P-MAPA+CIS (1.45-, 1.55-, and 1.60-fold higher, respectively vs. OC; Fig. 6a, b), thus proving that IKK complex is active in mediating IkB phosphorylation, and consequently, its degradation. Here, CHUK is linked to in situ carcinoma.