VEGFA and Hydrocephalus: On the other hand, another group studying a causative role of VEGF found that pediatric patients with hydrocephalus (median four years of age) exhibited a significant elevation of VEGF (range: 20 pg/mL to 1 ng/mL) in the CSF as compared to young control patients without hydrocephalus (median eight years of age) (total sample size, 66 patients) and showed that intraventricular infusion of VEGF at 1 ng/mL for 24 h resulted in experimental hydrocephalus six days later in rats [16] (Figure 2).