A recent study showed a significant up-regulation of MEF2C and MEF2D mRNA levels in both sporadic and SOD1+ amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients detected by gene expression analysis, and a down-regulation of their targets, BDNF, KLF6, and RUFY3 [28]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.