On the other hand, some clinical studies in the USA are assessing in patients with lupus the association of rituximab (after its unexpected failure on its own) with belimumab, an inhibitor of B-cell activating factor (BAFF, known to promote TFH cell formation) to reduce the abnormal GC activity orchestrated by TFH cells. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF13B and systemic lupus erythematosus.