We analyzed various signal transduction pathways characteristic of GBM or other malignant tumors, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), and RAF kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Here, MDM2 is linked to cancer.