Here, four novel and deleterious variants were investigated to be associated with sex bias in 58 Chinese RA patients, including OTC (Ornithine Transcarbamylase) (rs72554348), DIAPH2 (Diaphanous Related Formin 2) (rs363755), ARSE (Arylsulfatase E) (rs56393981) and FOXP3 (chrX:49114808) (Supplementary Table 7). Here, OTC is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.