Low levels of apoptosis were detected in the excised tumours by immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase 3 (Fig. 4c) while a significant increase was seen in the UMI-77-treated tumours (Fig. 4d) consistent with the on target effects of UMI-77 in MCL-1 inhibition and induction of apoptosis that we observed in vitro (Fig. 3d, e). The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is neoplasm.