CSs reduce HIV-1 US and SS RNA accumulation (Fig. 4b, Supplementary Fig. S5e), resulting in decreased synthesis of vital HIV-1 structural (Gag/Env, Fig. 3a and also Fig. 2 and Supplementary Fig. S2 and S5b,c) and regulatory proteins (p14 Tat, and sometimes, p16 Tat and/or Rev; Fig. 3b–d, Supplementary Fig. S5d) necessary for new virion assembly, propagation, and infection. The gene discussed is TAT; the disease is infection.