We were unable to assess the function of endogenous caspase-5 in our experimental settings since, as previously described49, caspase-5 expression was undetectable in U937 cells at homeostasis and as the strong induction of caspase-5 expression in hMDMs upon infection (Supplementary Fig. 5a) precluded efficient knockdown of caspase-5 at the protein level using siRNA. Here, CASP5 is linked to infection.