They designed targeting vectors by combinations of APOBEC3G D128K, hrhTRIM5α and Rev M10 (“CCR5-APO-hrh”, “CCR5-hrh-triple”, “CCR5-Rev-APO”, “CCR5-Rev-hrh”) to block HIV-1 infection at multiple stages, thus providing a roadmap for CRISPR target application [120]. Here, CCR5 is linked to HIV-1 infection.