When we performed TSA, DPP-4 inhibitors were still not associated with pancreatic cancer (Peto odds ratio 0.66; 95% CI 0.36–1.19), and the number of randomised patients for this outcome surpassed the futility boundary (Fig. 2B – TSA for pancreatic cancer). The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.