For PA image-guided therapy of atherosclerosis, ApoE−/− mice (male, 6–8 weeks) on a high-fat diet were randomly distributed into seven groups (n = 16): (a) control group; (b) Laser group; (c) CuS group; (d) CuS + Laser group; (e) CuS-TRPV1 group; (f) CuS-TRPV1 + Laser group; (g) capsaicin group. Here, TRPV1 is linked to atherosclerosis.