In multivariate logistic regression, female sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.3; 95% CI 2.9–9.5) and a CD4 count <200 cell/ul (aOR 3.1; 95%CI 1.6–6.0) were associated with increased risk of having anemia while a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (aOR 0.8; 95% CI 0.6–1.0) and being on ART for more than 10 years (aOR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.9) were associated with reduced risk of anemia. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is anemia (phenotype).