Some researchers have used IL-6 and AG490 to treat other cancer cell lines, and their results were similar to ours, in that p-STAT3 activation affected the expression of VE-cadherin and subsequently regulated migration and invasion as well as EMT.33,38 Moreover, 3-D culture assays showed that p-STAT3 activation induces the formation of vessel-like structures. This evidence concerns the gene CDH5 and cancer.