ORMDL3 and asthma: For example, gene-by-environment interactions have been reported for variants in the ORMDL3 locus, with larger SNP effects found in children with rhinovirus wheezing illness in early life58 or exposed to tobacco smoke in early life.59 The latter interaction, however, was not replicated in a large independent study.60 A small number of genome-wide interaction analyses between environmental exposures and asthma risk have been published,61, 62, 63, 64 but are not discussed in this review.