TNF and alkaline phosphatase measurement: Bishehsari et al. [76] discovered that the TNF-α −1031C (rs1799964) and −863A (rs1800630) alleles significantly increased the risk of AP progression to MODS (56.5% versus 32.4%, P = 0.022 and 43.5% versus 21.8%, P = 0.022, resp).