Recent sequencing studies of exomes and genomes in multiple HCC cohorts have identified numerous novel molecular alternations of various aetiologies, including recurrent mutations in the genes of TP53, ARID2, ARID1A, CTNNB1, AXIN1, RPS6KA3, and IRF2 [7–10], and major pathways that are commonly altered, such as the chromatin remodelling and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways [7, 9]. The gene discussed is CTNNB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.