BDNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Several lines of evidence support the contribution of BDNF to the dys/regulation of eating behavior: BDNF and its receptor TrkB are localized in hypothalamic and hindbrain nuclei involved in energy homeostasis [112, 113], associations have been found between BDNF polymorphisms (Val66Met, -270C/T, 196G/A) and anorexia and bulimia nervosa [114–116], and animal models of BDNF alterations exhibit hyperphagia and obesity [117, 118].