CHKA and hepatocellular carcinoma: The workflow is illustrated in Fig. 1 as follows: (1) the anti-HCC effects of CKI were evaluated in SMMC-7721 cells; (2) the ingredients of CKI were quantitatively analysed by UPLC-MS; (3) the effects of the primary compounds (top 5 in content) of CKI on cell proliferation were measured to identify the main active compounds; (4) the 4 main active compounds were used for network pharmacology analysis to predict the potential targets and pathways of CKI against HCC; (5) the key targets and pathway were validated by experiments.