HMGB1 and myocardial infarction: On the other hand, in the post-AMI convalescent phase, HMGB1, at low concentrations, may actually be beneficial and contribute to recovery of LV function, tissue repair, and angiogenesis and regeneration (Kitahara et al., 2008; Takahashi et al., 2008), implicating HMGB1 inhibition at the time of AMI, and HMGB1 activation in the post-MI remodeling phase as therapeutic strategies for reducing MI size and preventing adverse LV remodeling.