CTLA4 and neoplasm: For mAb immunotherapy, clinical trials associated with the blockade of immune checkpoints have demonstrated that mAbs can reverse T cell exhaustion and restore antitumor immunity, significantly promoting tumor cell eradication, such as anti-PD1 mAb (NCT02838823, NCT02857166, NCT02836795), anti-CTLA4 mAb (NCT00610857, NCT02156804, NCT03203876), anti-LAG3 mAb (NCT02658981, NCT01968109, NCT02061761), anti-TIM3 mAb (NCT02817633), and anti-VISTA mAb (NCT02671955).