At the molecular level, autophagy plays a context dependent pro-survival or pro-death role by regulating different signaling pathways, including p53, Bax-interacting factor-1 (Bif-1), Beclin 1 (BECN1), ultraviolet irradiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG), mTOR, protein kinase B (Akt), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Ras, and Class I PI3K (PI3KI) in cancer [80]. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is cancer.