The surgical stimulus might also increase levels of growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor, which have all been linked to tumor growth and metastasis (5–7). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.