Of note, mutations in several of the genes that confer leukemia predisposition (e.g., CEBPA, ETV6, GATA2, NF1, RUNX1, PTPN11, CBL, and RAS) are also frequently found in sporadic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene RUNX1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.