PI3K or PI3K/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) dual inhibitors (e.g., XL765, wortmannin, PI-103, PX-866, and LY294002) alone or in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy substantially inhibited glioblastoma cell growth in preclinical studies (45–49). This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CD and glioblastoma.