Of note, aerobic exercise reduced STAT3 expression and activation in the three lung compartments studied, an effect accompanied to reduced pulmonary and systemic inflammation, including a plethora of classical COPD proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, IL-17, and TNF-α). The gene discussed is CXCL1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.