TLR4 and lung cancer: TLR4 and TLR3 activation induced autophagy via the TICAM1 adaptor in lung cancer cells, and that this in turn, promoted ubiquitination of TRAF6 that was essential for TLR4- and TLR3-triggered increase in the production of multiple cytokines, including IL-6, CCL2, CCL20, VEGFA, and MMP2, leading to the enhanced cell migration and invasion (29).