Reduced mRNA levels of the NSC markers MSI-1 (SC, MC) and Nestin (SC, OL), enhanced MSI-1 protein levels within the SC and a trend toward increased Sox-2 within the MC of ALS patients indicate protein accumulation, and support the theory of a shift toward an inhibited/arrested activity of NSCs (Figure 10). This evidence concerns the gene NES and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.