In order to investigate whether the enhanced TGF-β ligand expression is also present at the final stage of the ALS disease course, postmortem SC, MC, and as an internal control, OL tissue was analyzed for TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 mRNA and protein levels, in controls and ALS patients. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.