Confirming former studies showing enhanced circulating TGF-β1 levels within serum, plasma, and CSF of ALS patients (5, 6), recent studies demonstrated astrocyte-derived TGF-β1, upregulated in the spinal cord (SC) of symptomatic mSOD1 mice and sporadic ALS patients, to be a detrimental factor correlating with disease progression (7). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.