ATF4 and non-human animal disease: This is also indicated by the fact that most, if not all, published works that have studied the consequences of direct modulation of ATF4 in animal disease models indicate that restriction of the excessive protein production can significantly diminish retinal and neurodegenerative disorders (Sidrauski et al., 2013; Halliday et al., 2015; Rozpedek et al., 2015; Wei et al., 2015; Bhootada et al., 2016; Gully et al., 2016).