C9 and frontotemporal dementia: The third potential pathomechanisms has been based on the findings that the bidirectionally transcribed repeat expansions can escape the nucleus, associate with ribosomal complex and being translated by RAN translation into five different aggregating DPR proteins in C9-FTD/ALS (Ash et al., 2013; Mori et al., 2013b; Zu et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2014).