Immunofluorescent staining with antibodies against α-SMA, cytokeratin-7 and TGF-ß1 showed that the red fluorescence of TGF-ß1 colocalized with green fluorescence of α-SMA, but not with cytokeratin-7 in both invasive breast carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ. Here, ACTA1 is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.