INS and Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance expressed as homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance was negatively associated with the E2 increasing A alleles of rs727479 (P = 0.004) and rs2899472 (P = 0.003) in CYP19A1. This was due to a negative association of these alleles with fasting insulin (P = 0.003 for rs727479; P = 0.017 for rs2899472) (Supplemental Table 4).