Beyond traditional clinicopathological parameters, BRCA1, apoptosis, hypoxia, stem cell biology, histone deacetylase, the mTOR/rapamycin pathway, and oncogenic signaling pathways such as p53, PTEN, MAP kinase, AKT, Myc, β-catenin, and E2F hold prognostic and therapeutic implications in breast cancer treatment. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is breast cancer.