APP and Alzheimer disease: Synaptic degeneration and neuronal death that characterize AD are caused by several deregulated processes including: (a) increased oxidative stress, (b) chronic inflammation (c) mitochondrial dysfunction, (d) accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) 1–42 peptides, generated from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), (e) proteasome inhibition, (f) mutations in APP, presenilin‐1 and presenilin‐2 genes, and (g) aggregation of hyper‐phosphorylated tau protein 30.