ELANE and Down syndrome: Elevated neutrophil elastase plasma levels are also associated with pro-inflammatory syndromes including fibrosis and vasculitis, while cathepsin G mediates inflammation-induced tissue injury after ischemia-reperfusion in kidneys, and both neutrophil elastase- and cathepsin G-mediated inflammation and thrombospondin-1 degradation facilitate cancer progression (El Rayes et al., 2015).