In summary, the study in preclinical and clinical settings of BDNF response to antipsychotics may help to provide further information on the differential impact of typical vs. atypical antipsychotics on neurons survival and neurogenesis, as well as on putative neurodegenerative mechanisms of dopaminergic systems involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and schizophrenia.