For instance, the secretome of hUCB-MSCs includes therapeutic molecules such as galectin-3, which has an anti-apoptotic effect on neuronal cells18, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which clears Aβ peptide plaques19, and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), which promotes neurogenesis in AD models20. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and Alzheimer disease.