This study also showed the in vitro efficacy of mTOR inhibition using PanNET cell lines that displayed reduced levels of PTEN and TSC2. More recently, an integrated study was performed in the attempt to subgroup PanNETs by simultaneous comparison of miRNA, mRNA and mutation profiles and by cross-comparing human tumours with those arising in the Rip1Tag2 mouse model of pancreas neuroendocrine tumours (Sadanandam et al. 2015). The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is neoplasm.