Over-expression of several inflammatory mediators in prostate tissue (e.g. IL-1 [32, 33], IL-6 [32–34], TGF-β [35], TNF-α [32]) and blood (e.g. IL-6 [36], IL-7 [37] and IL-15 [37]) has been observed in PCa patients or PCa patients with progression. Here, TNF is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.