Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of P-gp and MRP1 in peripheral blood of patients with refractory epilepsy, and its results (Fig. 2) revealed that the expression levels of P-gp and MRP1 in peripheral blood of patients with refractory epilepsy were significantly higher than those in normal subjects and patients with general epilepsy (P<0.01). This evidence concerns the gene PGP and epilepsy.