More recently, TSPO has been shown to be part of the mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling pathway that modulates nuclear gene expression and TSPO levels have been directly correlated with increased tumorigenicity and/or malignancy, probably as a mechanism to promote apoptosis and reduce tumorigenicity, thereby suggesting that benign tumors do not have increased TSPO levels [6, 24–26]. Here, TSPO is linked to benign neoplasm.