IL4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: We observed that Th1/Th2 ratios expressed as IL-2/IL4 and IFN-γ/IL4 were shifted towards a proinflammatory Th1 phenotype in untreated T1D rats, while these ratios were shifted towards IL-4, a Th2 cytokine, in T1D rats treated with M. charantia fruit juice.